长效HIV治疗用于存在依从性困难的非洲成人
Long-Acting HIV Therapy in African Adults with Adherence Challenges.
一句话对存在依从性困难的非洲HIV感染成人,长效注射方案在48周病毒抑制方面非劣效于口服方案。
研究问题
数据与样本
研究流程
- 1入组筛选:纳入病毒载量<200拷贝/毫升且依从性或医疗服务参与情况欠佳的HIV 1型感染成人,不进行基线耐药检测。
- 2随机分组:按1:1比例分配至长效卡博特韦联合利匹韦林组或基于多替拉韦的每日口服治疗组,采用开放标签设计。
- 3实施治疗:长效组每8周肌内注射卡博特韦600 mg及利匹韦林900 mg,前2次注射访视间隔4周;口服组继续每日用药。
- 4主要终点评估:在第48周比较病毒载量低于50拷贝/毫升的比例,以-10个百分点为非劣效界值。
- 5分析一致性核查:将符合方案分析结果与主要分析结果进行比较。
- 6次要终点与安全性评估:比较连续2次病毒载量≥200拷贝/毫升的确证病毒学失败及严重不良事件,报告风险差和95% CI。
关键方法与工具
- noninferiority
- 按预设界值判断非劣效
- per-protocol analysis
- 核查主要分析一致性
- risk difference
- 量化组间绝对差异
设计思路
主要发现
- 主要终点:第48周病毒载量低于50拷贝/毫升者,长效组为244/268(91.0%),口服组为240/269(89.2%);风险差1.9个百分点(95% CI,-3.1至6.9),达到非劣效标准。
- 符合方案分析结果与主要分析一致。
- 关键次要终点:长效组5例(1.9%)发生确证病毒学失败,口服组无人发生;风险差1.9个百分点(95% CI,0.3至3.5)。
- 安全性:长效组11/271(4.1%)、口服组8/269(3.0%)报告严重不良事件;风险差1.1个百分点(95% CI,-1.1至4.2)。
可借鉴之处
- 比较替代给药策略时,可像本文一样预设非劣效界值,并结合组间风险差及其95% CI判断,而不是仅比较两组百分比。
- 在主要分析之外增加符合方案分析,可核查非劣效结论的一致性。
- 将病毒抑制比例与确证病毒学失败分别设为终点,有助于识别总体非劣效结果之外的重要临床差异。
数据与代码
局限
- 开放标签设计未对参与者和研究人员实施治疗分组盲法。
- 未进行基线耐药检测,无法据此评估基线耐药对治疗结果的影响。
- 入组者均已达到病毒载量<200拷贝/毫升,结论不能直接外推至尚未实现病毒抑制的人群。
- 报告的主要疗效评估截至48周,不能据此判断更长期的疗效与安全性。
摘要(中文翻译)
背景:在非洲东部和南部,接受口服治疗的人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者中,约有100万例因依从性困难而未实现病毒抑制。
方法:我们开展了一项IIIb期、开放标签、随机临床试验,在HIV 1型病毒已被抑制(病毒载量<200拷贝/毫升)、且依从性或医疗服务参与情况欠佳的成人中,比较长效注射用卡博特韦(cabotegravir)联合利匹韦林(rilpivirine)与基于多替拉韦(dolutegravir)的口服治疗。参与者按1:1比例分组,每8周接受卡博特韦(600 mg)联合利匹韦林(900 mg)肌内注射,前2次注射访视间隔4周,或继续每日接受基于多替拉韦的口服治疗;未进行基线耐药检测。主要终点为第48周病毒载量低于50拷贝/毫升;非劣效界值设为-10个百分点。确证的病毒学失败(连续2次病毒载量≥200拷贝/毫升)为关键次要终点。
结果:在肯尼亚、南非和乌干达的7个研究中心共入组540例参与者;537例纳入主要分析。第48周,长效治疗组268例参与者中有244例(91.0%)的病毒载量低于50拷贝/毫升,口服治疗组269例中有240例(89.2%)(风险差,1.9个百分点;95%置信区间[CI],-3.1至6.9),符合非劣效标准。符合方案分析结果与主要分析一致。长效治疗组5例参与者(1.9%)发生确证的病毒学失败,口服治疗组无人发生(风险差,1.9个百分点;95% CI,0.3至3.5)。接受长效治疗的271例参与者中,11例(4.1%)报告严重不良事件;接受口服治疗的269例中,8例(3.0%)报告严重不良事件(风险差,1.1个百分点;95% CI,-1.1至4.2)。
结论:在存在依从性困难的非洲HIV感染者中,长效卡博特韦联合利匹韦林在维持病毒载量低于50拷贝/毫升方面非劣效于基于多替拉韦的口服治疗。(由Johnson & Johnson资助;IMPALA的ClinicalTrials.gov注册号,NCT05546242;Pan African Clinical Trials Registry注册号,PACT202301600757432TMC278LAHTX3005。)
英文原文摘要
Background:In eastern and southern Africa, approximately 1 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and receiving oral therapy do not have viral suppression because of adherence challenges.
Methods:We conducted a phase 3b, open-label, randomized trial to compare long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine with oral dolutegravir-based therapy among adults with virally suppressed HIV type 1 (viral load, <200 copies per milliliter) and suboptimal adherence or care engagement. The participants were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive intramuscular injections of cabotegravir (600 mg) plus rilpivirine (900 mg) every 8 weeks, with the first two injection visits occurring 4 weeks apart, or to continue daily oral dolutegravir-based therapy; baseline drug-resistance testing was not performed. The primary end point was a viral load of less than 50 copies per milliliter at week 48; noninferiority was assessed with a margin of -10 percentage points. Confirmed virologic failure (two consecutive viral loads of ≥200 copies per milliliter) was a key secondary end point.
Results:A total of 540 participants were enrolled across seven sites in Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda; 537 were included in the primary analysis. At 48 weeks, 244 of 268 participants (91.0%) in the long-acting-therapy group had a viral load of less than 50 copies per milliliter, as compared with 240 of 269 participants (89.2%) in the oral-therapy group (risk difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.1 to 6.9), which met the criterion for noninferiority. The results of a per-protocol analysis were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Confirmed virologic failure occurred in 5 participants (1.9%) in the long-acting-therapy group and in no participants in the oral-therapy group (risk difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.3 to 3.5). Serious adverse events were reported in 11 of 271 participants (4.1%) who received long-acting therapy and in 8 of 269 participants (3.0%) who received oral therapy (risk difference, 1.1 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.1 to 4.2).
Conclusions:Among persons with HIV in Africa who have adherence challenges, long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine was noninferior to oral dolutegravir-based therapy for maintaining a viral load of less than 50 copies per milliliter. (Funded by Johnson & Johnson; IMPALA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05546242; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry number, PACT202301600757432TMC278LAHTX3005.).
摘要来自 PubMed。翻译与解读由模型根据摘要生成,可能有误,不构成诊疗建议;数据以原文为准,版权归原出版方所有。